The Art Of Learning(《学习的艺术》)是本好书

核心思想有三个。第一个叫做soft zone(软区域)，第二叫做making smaller circles(画小圈)，第三个叫做如何实现高水准的表现。

一、什么叫做软区域？
不正面抵抗，如顺着河道弯曲的河水，如随风摇摆的小草。无我。这样的境界叫做软区域。
(The soft zone means to lose you yourself, and come at peace with distraction.
The soft zone means a mental resilience, which is arguably the most critical trait of world-class performers.)

二、什么叫做画小圈？
到了一定阶段，高度比广度更重要。顶尖高手的顶尖之处就在于他们能够站得更高想得更深而不是看得更多。
另外，有些时候，如果你能把一个细节真正研究透彻，那么它所在的宏观画面你也会更清楚。古语曰“窥一斑见全豹”应该是这个道理。
只是，到底这个细节应该是多细的细节？到底研究到什么程度叫透彻？作者没有讲，我觉得这个问题也不太可能被语言文字描述清楚。这个呢，自己动手去实践就知道了。
(The subtle internalization and refinement is much more important than the quantity of what is learned. We should take a single technique or idea and practice it until we feel its essence.
The learning principle is to plunge into the detailed mystery of the micro in order to understand what makes the macro tick.
Decrease expansiveness and increase potency)


三、如何实现高水准的表现？
这个话题被作者重复说了好几次。
他先这么说，
The first obstacle I have to overcome as a young player was to avoid being distracted by random, unexpected events.
In performance training, first we learn to flow with whatever comes, integrating every ripple of your life into your creative moment.
Then we learn to use whatever comes as an advantage.
Finally, we learn to be completely self-sufficient and create our own earthquake.
So our mental process feeds itself explosive inspirations without the need for outside stimulus.
然后他这么说，
①learn to be at peace with imperfection
②use that imperfection to our advantage
③learn to create ripples in our consciousness
接着他这么说，
Using adversity.
Distraction is converted into fuel for high performance.
后来他还这么说，
①Flow with distraction, like that blade of grass bending to the wind.
②Use distraction
③Re-create the inspiring settings internally. Make sandals to cross the thorn.
后来……读者一看那几个词就知道这兄弟又该开始唠叨了。嘿嘿。
现在总结一下这三步：
①接受干扰
不要对抗干扰。比如你正在做微积分，突然传来摇滚乐，你要学会适应它，不要去试图拿出自己的耳机堵住自己的耳朵。在很多场合下，你是没有耳机的。
②利用干扰
这个更进一步了。利用干扰，比如说你心里跟着摇滚乐的节奏开始打拍子。这样的节奏会给你带来全新的体验，比如你发现无比亲热的上下眼皮终于分开了，芝麻状模糊的小数点逐渐变得清晰了。
③再创干扰
如果干扰没有发生，那么你可以自己给自己制造干扰。这个时候，这样的干扰带来的意义远超出了以前你对他的理解了，它将是正面促进的。比如此时没有摇滚了，你自己就在心里哼一首摇滚吧，好像又进入了第②步一样。由此促使自己进入自我激发状态。


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另外，我还很喜欢以下一些非中心非主题的句子，因为它们语言优美。我看的是英文版，以前看过中文版，更喜欢原汁原味的英文版，而且这个英文版的语言并不故作高深。

@作为一个天才的棋手被索要签名时
I won't deny enjoying the attention, but professionally it was a nightmare.

@名气
there is something profoundly hollow about the nature of fame.

I realized being at the pinnacle in other people’s eyes has nothing to do the quality of life and I was drawn to the potential of inner quality.

@与一个idea的邂逅
I stumbled upon a little book called Tao Te Ching and my life took a turn.

@内省
Since I was twelve years old, I have kept journals of my chess study, making psychological observations along the way.
(我感到作者非常喜欢自省，英文用introspection这个单词来描述自我审视，这个单词的意思是“向内看”。看来作者多半有introspective的特征。)

Studying Tao Te Ching, I felt like I was unearthing everything I sensed but could not yet put to words. Laotse’s focus was inward, on the underlying essence as opposed to the external manifestations.


@应对干扰
As my training became more vigorous, I learned to dissolve away from attacks while stay rooted to the ground.

@受教Bruce教练
Bruce did not want to feed me information, but to help my mind carve itself into maturity.
Bruce handled himself as more of a guide in my development than as an authority.

@某些天才的承受能力并不高
Many very talented kids expected to win without much resistance, when the game was a struggle, they were emotionally unprepared. I thrived under adversity.

Some of the most talented players are the worst under pressure, and have the hardest time rebounding from defeat.

@洞察力
I often sensed a logical thread that seemed irrational – playing exciting chess felt like discovering hidden harmonies.

@高峰体验
we stretch every fiber of our mental capacity.

It’s amazing how many hundreds hours I spent laboring my way through Dvoretsky’s chapters, my brain pushed to the limit, emerging from every studying session utterly exhausted, but infused with a slightly more nuanced understanding of the outer reaches of the chessic potential.

There is the careful balance of pushing yourself relentlessly, but not so hard that you melt down.

Jack Kerouac’s vision was like electricity in my veins. His ability to draw sheer joy from the most mundane experience opened up the world to me.

I was on fire with a fresh passion for life when I travelled to Hungary.

I yearned to retreat to the mountains and live with the birds.


@两类智力理论
two theories of intelligence: entity theory vs. incremental theory

I have seen many people in diverse fields take some version of process-first philosophy and transform it into an excuse for not putting themselves on the line or pretending not to care about the results.


@以柔克刚以静制动
If I was stressed out, I did Tai Chi and was calmed.

The essence of Tai Chi Chuan as a martial art is not to clash with the opponent but to blend with his energy, yield to it, and overcome with softness.

@静动随心波澜不惊
The importance of undulating between external and internal (or concrete and abstract; technical and intuitive) training applies to all disciplines.

Chess players must let the unconscious flow while the conscious leads and flows, sorting out details, putting things in order, making precise mathematical calculations.